Migration tracking reveals marine Serengeti
Two vast areas of the north Pacific Ocean, one off the west coast of the United States and the other between Hawaii and Alaska, have been revealed as marine counterparts of East Africa's Serengeti plain. Teeming with life, these oceanic 'hotspots' provide major migration corridors for large marine predators ranging from tuna to whales.
The discovery comes from a huge data set that synthesizes and compares the seasonal migration patterns of 23 species of predators. The findings are published today in .
Between 2000 and 2009, the species were tracked under the Tagging of Pacific Predators (TOPP) programme, part of the Census of Marine Life international collaboration. Electronic tags attached to the animals recorded their movements and the water conditions around them, including temperature, salinity and depth. In total, the programme deployed 4,306 electronic tags, yielding 1,791 individual animal tracks and resulting in 265,386 days' worth of tracking data. The data derived over the course of the project have now been combined for the first time.
"It is like asking, 'How do lions, zebras and cheetahs use Africa as a whole continent?', only we have done it for a vast ocean," says Barbara Block, a marine scientist at Stanford University in California and lead author of the paper. "We have had single-species papers before on a lot of the migration patterns, but they have never been put together as a whole."
In the zoneThe combined data from the tagged species, which carefully removes any bias introduced from where the animals had been tagged, shows two 'hotspot' regions where the predators' migration routes concentrate in the north Pacific. These are the south-flowing California Current off the United States, and the North Pacific transition zone (NPTZ), which runs east–west between Hawaii and Alaska along a boundary between cold sub-Arctic waters and warmer subtropical waters, and which acts like a trans-oceanic migration highway.
"These are the oceanic locations where food is most abundant, and that's driven by high primary productivity at the base of the food chain. These areas are the savannah grasslands of the sea," says Block.
Combining movement and physical data from so many tags can help to explain the behaviour patterns observed. For example, populations of salmon sharks, white sharks and mako sharks can be seen to "split the turf of the central and eastern Pacific", says Block. Records from the tags show that slightly different preferences for water temperature prevent the closely related species from treading on one another's fins.
Effect Of Heat On Chlorophyll - News
with the effect particularly evident in the California Current. "Using satellite observations of temperature and chlorophyll concentrations alone, we can now predict when and where individual species are likely to be," said Daniel Costa,
In the saltiest areas, pulling water from the deep might help create life-rich oases rich in nutrients that stimulate the growth of chlorophyll and phytoplankton. In the past 20 years, nearly a third of the world's coral has been destroyed.
"If the plant is reduced in size due to the heat it will not properly shade the fruit and the sun will bleach the chlorophyll and cause sun scalding," said Lowndes County Extension Agent Calvin Wills. And perhaps the part of agriculture that's the
What is more, he says, it "enables 'rectifier-like' one-way energy transfer, produces the fastest [energy-transfer] rate, is temperature-insensitive and probably a few other things I haven't thought of". These effects, in turn, suggest practical uses.
Samples are being analyzed for nutrients, suspended sediment and turbidity, chloride and other major ions, organic carbon, bacteria, chlorophyll, and other characteristics. In addition, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance,
Casey Anthony Homicide Trial: Chloroform, Chlorophyll Searches ...
10 years worth of data on the migration patterns of 23 of the ocean's major species, including blue whales, blue-fin tuna, sharks and albatross, and overlaid it with satellite data on temperature, salinity and chlorophyll fluctuations of the ocean.
She testified that she searched for chloroform while trying to search for the harmful effects of dogs ingesting chlorophyll after she found that one of her dogs was tired all of the time – perhaps from eating the bamboo plants in her backyard.
Casey Anthony's mother, Cindy, said she had run the chloroform queries while looking up information on chlorophyll, a green pigment found in plants. She believed her dogs may have been eating bamboo leaves containing chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is some pretty tasty stuff. It seems natural enough, and it's green! Always drink on an empty stomach so you absorb all the good stuff. Try switching from coffee to chlorophyll! (Yea right…
10 years worth of data on the migration patterns of 23 of the ocean's major species, including blue whales, blue-fin tuna, sharks and albatross, and overlaid it with satellite data on temperature, salinity and chlorophyll fluctuations of the ocean.
Effect Of Heat On Chlorophyll - Bookshelf
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